What is ion exchange theory?
Ion exchange is a water treatment method where one or more undesirable ionic contaminants are removed from water by exchange with another non-objectionable, or less objectionable ionic substance. A typical example of ion exchange is a process called “water softening” aiming to reduce calcium and magnesium content.
What are the two types of ion exchange?
Ion exchange resins consists of two main types, i.e., cation exchange resins, that exchange positively charged ions, such as sodium, for calcium, and anion exchange resins, that exchange negatively charged ions, such as chloride, for arsenic.
What happens during ion exchange?
ion-exchange reaction, any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances (each consisting of positively and negatively charged species called ions) that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, that bear a positive or negative electric charge.
What is an example of ion exchange?
Ion exchange is a method widely used in household filters to produce soft water for the benefit of laundry detergents, soaps, and water heaters. This is accomplished by exchanging divalent cations (such as calcium Ca2+ and magnesium Mg2+) with highly soluble monovalent cations (e.g., Na+ or H+) (see water softening).
What are the three characteristics of ion exchange?
Basic Characteristics of Ion Exchange Resins
- Appearance.
- Particle Size.
- Reversible Swelling.
- Moisture.
- Density.
- Total capacity.
What is the advantage with ion exchange process?
Ion exchange is widely used for water treatment in both industrial and municipal water treatment systems. The process provides many advantages over other treatment methods. It is environment friendly, can provide high flow rate of treated water and has low maintenance cost.
Why resin is used in water?
Hardness removal SAC resin is effective for water softening, which removes hardness ions. Since SAC resin beads have a higher affinity for calcium/magnesium ions than sodium ions, a concentrated solution of sodium chloride brine (typically 8 to 12 percent) is used to force accumulated hardness ions off the resin beads.
How many types of ion exchangers are there?
There are two general types of ion exchange resins: those that exchange positive ions, called cation exchange resins, and those that exchange negative ions, called anion exchange resins. A cation is an ion with a positive charge. Common cations include Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, and H+1.
Why is ion exchanger used?
Ion exchange is a water treatment process commonly used for water softening or demineralization, but it also is used to remove other substances from the water in processes such as dealkalization, deionization, denitrification, and disinfection.
Why does ion exchange happen?
Put simply, ion exchange is a reversible interchange of charged particles—or ions—with those of like charge. This occurs when ions present on an insoluble IX resin matrix effectively swap places with ions of a similar charge that are present in a surrounding solution.
What is the other name of ion exchange method?
The terms ion exchange, deionization and demineralization are often used synonymously to refer to the same process. However, deionization and demineralization may be accomplished by technologies other than ion exchange (see reverse osmosis).
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange?
